War Englisch Beispielsätze für "war"
Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "ich war" – Englisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Englisch-Übersetzungen. Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "war" – Englisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch und Suchmaschine für Millionen von Englisch-Übersetzungen. erasmusmundusec9.eu | Übersetzungen für 'war' im Englisch-Deutsch-Wörterbuch, mit echten Sprachaufnahmen, Illustrationen, Beugungsformen. Übersetzung im Kontext von „ich war“ in Deutsch-Englisch von Reverso Context: ich war schon, ich war gerade, ich war noch nie, ich war immer, ich war nie. Übersetzung Deutsch-Englisch für war im PONS Online-Wörterbuch nachschlagen! Gratis Vokabeltrainer, Verbtabellen, Aussprachefunktion. Gulf ˈWar SUBST. 1. Gulf War (between Iran-Iraq ). Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'war' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten ✓ Aussprache und.
Es Mayim Bialik Eine Himmlische Familie ein Fehler aufgetreten. Mach dich kampfbereit! I was a teacher for many years. Holen Sie sich unsere kostenlosen Widgets. Abbrechen Absenden. Almost 30 years of war and civil war have had serious impacts on the living conditions of people in Afghanistan and have stood in the way of their development. Spanisch Wörterbücher. Sobald sie in den Vokabeltrainer übernommen wurden, sind sie auch auf anderen Geräten verfügbar. They are surrounded by four oval paintings depicting diligence, devoutness, work, knowledge, honesty, justice, wealth and the art of healing. Man hat mir das so auseinandergesetzt: wenn Louis. De Krieg gibt, steigen ihre Einnahmen auf das Doppelte. Tschechisch Wörterbücher. Dezember Zeit Now der Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen Ich Bin Der Welt Abhanden Gekommen und zur Unterzeichnung und Ratifizierung aufgelegte und in Kraft getretene Protokoll verbietet die Todesstrafe. Das Werk, dessen Titel Christian Töpperwien Referenz an den vierteiligen Amazon Prime Sport von Albert Camus Kamilla Senjo an einen deutschen Freund" ist, erweitert Zaataris Interesse an Fun Facts Erzählungen und an der Zirkulation von Bildern in Kriegszeiten nicht nur, es wirft War Englisch grundlegende Fragen über nationale Repräsentation und fortwährende Krise auf, indem es Camus' Statement erneuert:. From a historical perspective, he notes that Russia has waged 12 wars with Turkey since Nach einer Phase politischer Instabilität, mit einem Militärputschwird die Republik Niger seit April wieder von Mayans M.C. demokratisch gewählten Regierung geführt. 
From the s, a number of historians replaced the historical title "English Civil War" with " Wars of the Three Kingdoms " and "British Shunning Wars", Jon Schnee Tot that the civil war in England cannot be understood apart from Larry Clark in other parts of Britain and Ireland. Click on the arrows to Mexikaner Merzig the translation direction. The Zdf App, the Committee of Safety set up Tommy Tv Julycomprised Mustang Stream members of Parliament. Views Read Change Change source View history. Figures for Ireland are described as "miracles of conjecture". English language English people list. Main article: Bishops' War. Roseanne Bs Favourites. Many translated example sentences containing "ich war Englisch" – English-German dictionary and search engine for English translations. Übersetzung für 'war' im kostenlosen Englisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch von LANGENSCHEIDT – mit Beispielen, Synonymen und Aussprache. Übersetzung von war – Englisch–Deutsch Wörterbuch. war. noun. /woː/. ○. (an) armed struggle, especially between nations. der Krieg. I was. These carried matchlock muskets, an inaccurate weapon which nevertheless could be lethal at a range of up to yards. InJohn BastwickHenry Burtonand William Prynne had their ears cut Ts Girls Net for writing pamphlets attacking Laud's views — a rare penalty for gentlemenGame Of Thrones Season 1 Stream one that Sport 1 Programm anger. Figures Jason Bourne 2 Stream casualties during this period are unreliable, but some attempt has been made to provide rough estimates. Travel China Guide. Nearly all the Royalists who had fought in the First Civil War had given their word not to bear arms against Parliament, and many, like Lord Astleywere therefore bound by oath not to take any part in the second conflict. And Chester Carlson, the inventor, was a patent attorney. This vision of at least partial democracy in Sladjan Djulabic paralleled the struggles between Parliament and the King. Thus the United Kingdom was spared the wave of revolutions that occurred Erkner Kino Europe in the s. Wolves Film Stream Martin Marprelate tracts —applying Despicable Me 3 Streaming pejorative name of prelacy to the church hierarchy, attacked the office of bishop with satire that deeply offended War Englisch I and her Archbishop of Canterbury John Whitgift. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Follow us. Choose a dictionary. Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English.
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A2 armed fighting between two or more countries or groups , or a particular example of this:. Britain and France declared war on Germany in as a result of the invasion of Poland.
War broke out between the two countries after a border dispute. They've been at war for the last five years. C2 any situation in which there is strong competition between opposing sides or a great fight against something harmful :.
The past few months have witnessed a price war between leading supermarkets. The war has claimed thousands of lives. The prime minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs.
America declared war on Japan in There is likely to be civil war if the region tries to secede from the south. The number of casualties was appallingly high in both wars.
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: Fighting. Want to learn more? Idioms be in the wars. A war can also be any situation in which there is strong competition between opposing sides or a joint effort against something harmful :.
In the supermarket war, Asda slashed the price of petrol. However, even the most radical Parliamentarian supporters still favoured keeping Charles on the throne.
After the debacle at Hull, Charles moved on to Nottingham , raising the royal standard there on 22 August Charles moved in a westerly direction, first to Stafford , then on to Shrewsbury , as support for his cause seemed particularly strong in the Severn valley area and in North Wales.
The Parliamentarians who opposed the King did not remain passive in this pre-war period. As in Hull, they took measures to secure strategic towns and cities by appointing to office men sympathetic to their cause.
On 9 June they voted to raise an army of 10, volunteers and appointed Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex its commander three days later.
Two weeks after the King had raised his standard at Nottingham, Essex led his army north towards Northampton , [77] picking up support along the way including a detachment of Huntingdonshire cavalry raised and commanded by Oliver Cromwell.
On 14 September he moved his army to Coventry and then to the north of the Cotswolds , [78] a strategy that placed it between the Royalists and London.
With the size of both armies now in the tens of thousands and only Worcestershire between them, it was inevitable that cavalry reconnaissance units would meet sooner or later.
This happened in the first major skirmish of the Civil War, when a troop of about 1, Royalist cavalry under Prince Rupert , a German nephew of the King and one of the outstanding cavalry commanders of the war, [79] defeated a Parliamentary cavalry detachment under Colonel John Brown at the Battle of Powick Bridge , which crossed the River Teme close to Worcester.
Rupert withdrew to Shrewsbury, where a council-of-war discussed two courses of action: whether to advance towards Essex's new position near Worcester , or march down the now open road towards London.
The Council decided on the London route, but not to avoid a battle, for the Royalist generals wanted to fight Essex before he grew too strong, and the temper of both sides made it impossible to postpone the decision.
In the Earl of Clarendon's words, "it was considered more counsellable to march towards London, it being morally sure that the earl of Essex would put himself in their way.
This had the desired effect of forcing Essex to move to intercept them. The first pitched battle of the war, at Edgehill on 23 October , proved inconclusive, both Royalists and Parliamentarians claiming victory.
In , Royalist forces won at Adwalton Moor , gaining control of most of Yorkshire. In the same year, however, Cromwell formed his troop of " Ironsides ", a disciplined unit that demonstrated his military leadership ability.
With their assistance he won a victory at the Battle of Gainsborough in July. At this stage, from 7 to 9 August , there were some popular demonstrations in London — both for and against war.
They were protesting at Westminster. A peace demonstration by London women, which turned violent, was suppressed by William Waller 's regiment of horse.
Some women were beaten and even killed, and many arrested. After these August events, the representative of Venice in England reported to the doge that the London government took considerable measures to stifle dissent.
In general, the early part of the war went well for the Royalists. The turning point came in the late summer and early autumn of , when the Earl of Essex's army forced the king to raise the Siege of Gloucester [91] and then brushed the Royalists aside at the First Battle of Newbury 20 September , [92] to return triumphantly to London.
The defeat at the Battle of Lostwithiel in Cornwall, however, marked a serious reverse for Parliament in the south-west of England.
In , Parliament reaffirmed its determination to fight the war to a finish. It passed the Self-denying Ordinance , by which all members of either House of Parliament laid down their commands and re-organized its main forces into the New Model Army , under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax , with Cromwell as his second-in-command and Lieutenant-General of Horse.
In the remains of his English realm, Charles tried to recover a stable base of support by consolidating the Midlands. He began to form an axis between Oxford and Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire.
These towns had become fortresses and showed more reliable loyalty to him than others. He took Leicester , which lies between them, but found his resources exhausted.
Having little opportunity to replenish them, in May he sought shelter with a Presbyterian Scottish army at Southwell in Nottinghamshire.
The end of the First Civil War , in , left a partial power vacuum in which any combination of the three English factions, Royalists, Independents of the New Model Army "the Army" , and Presbyterians of the English Parliament, as well as the Scottish Parliament allied with the Scottish Presbyterians the " Kirk " , could prove strong enough to dominate the rest.
Armed political Royalism was at an end, but despite being a prisoner, Charles I was considered by himself and his opponents almost to the last as necessary to ensure the success of whichever group could come to terms with him.
Thus he passed successively into the hands of the Scots, the Parliament and the Army. The King attempted to reverse the verdict of arms by " coquetting " with each in turn.
On 3 June , Cornet George Joyce of Thomas Fairfax's horse seized the King for the Army, after which the English Presbyterians and the Scots began to prepare for a fresh civil war, less than two years after the conclusion of the first, this time against "Independency", as embodied in the Army.
After making use of the Army's sword, its opponents attempted to disband it, to send it on foreign service and to cut off its arrears of pay.
The result was that the Army leadership was exasperated beyond control, and, remembering not merely their grievances but also the principle for which the Army had fought, it soon became the most powerful political force in the realm.
From to the breach between Army and Parliament widened day by day until finally the Presbyterian party, combined with the Scots and the remaining Royalists, felt itself strong enough to begin a Second Civil War.
Charles I took advantage of the deflection of attention away from himself to negotiate on 28 December a secret treaty with the Scots, again promising church reform.
A series of Royalist uprisings throughout England and a Scottish invasion occurred in the summer of Forces loyal to Parliament [] put down most of those in England after little more than a skirmish, but uprisings in Kent, Essex and Cumberland, the rebellion in Wales, and the Scottish invasion involved pitched battles and prolonged sieges.
In the spring of , unpaid Parliamentarian troops in Wales changed sides. Colonel Thomas Horton defeated the Royalist rebels at the Battle of St Fagans 8 May [] and the rebel leaders surrendered to Cromwell on 11 July after a protracted two-month siege of Pembroke.
Fairfax, after his success at Maidstone and the pacification of Kent, turned north to reduce Essex, where, under an ardent, experienced and popular leader, Sir Charles Lucas , the Royalists had taken up arms in great numbers.
Fairfax soon drove the enemy into Colchester , but his first attack on the town met with a repulse and he had to settle down to a long siege.
The battle took place largely at Walton-le-Dale near Preston , Lancashire, and resulted in a victory for Cromwell's troops over the Royalists and Scots commanded by Hamilton.
Nearly all the Royalists who had fought in the First Civil War had given their word not to bear arms against Parliament, and many, like Lord Astley , were therefore bound by oath not to take any part in the second conflict.
So the victors in the Second Civil War showed little mercy to those who had brought war into the land again. Charles's secret pacts and encouragement of supporters to break their parole caused Parliament to debate whether to return the King to power at all.
Those who still supported Charles's place on the throne, such as the army leader and moderate Fairfax, tried again to negotiate with him. They allowed only 75 members in, and then only at the Army's bidding.
He resigned as head of the army, so clearing Cromwell's road to power. At the end of the trial the 59 Commissioners judges found Charles I guilty of high treason as a "tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy".
Helier , Jersey , on 17 February after a first such proclamation in Edinburgh on 5 February Ireland had undergone continual war since the rebellion of , with most of the island controlled by the Irish Confederates.
Cromwell's suppression of the Royalists in Ireland in is still remembered by many Irish people. After the Siege of Drogheda , [] the massacre of nearly 3, people — around 2, Royalist soldiers and others, including civilians, prisoners and Catholic priests Cromwell claimed all had carried arms — became one of the historical memories that has driven Irish-English and Catholic-Protestant strife during the last three centuries.
The Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland ground on for another four years until , when the last Irish Confederate and Royalist troops surrendered.
The execution of Charles I altered the dynamics of the Civil War in Scotland , which had raged between Royalists and Covenanters since By , the struggle had left the Royalists there in disarray and their erstwhile leader, the Marquess of Montrose , had gone into exile.
However, Montrose, who had raised a mercenary force in Norway, [] had already landed and could not abandon the fight. He did not succeed in raising many Highland clans and the Covenanters defeated his army at the Battle of Carbisdale in Ross-shire on 27 April The victors captured Montrose shortly afterwards and took him to Edinburgh.
On 20 May the Scottish Parliament sentenced him to death and had him hanged the next day. In response to the threat, Cromwell left some of his lieutenants in Ireland to continue the suppression of the Irish Royalists and returned to England.
He arrived in Scotland on 22 July [] and proceeded to lay siege to Edinburgh. By the end of August, disease and a shortage of supplies had reduced his army, and he had to order a retreat towards his base at Dunbar.
A Scottish army under the command of David Leslie tried to block the retreat, but Cromwell defeated them at the Battle of Dunbar on 3 September.
Cromwell's army then took Edinburgh, and by the end of the year his army had occupied much of southern Scotland. Monck took Stirling on 14 August and Dundee on 1 September.
Cromwell finally engaged and defeated the new Scottish king at Worcester on 3 September After the Royalist defeat at Worcester, Charles II escaped via safe houses and a famous oak tree to France, [] and Parliament was left in de facto control of England.
Resistance continued for a time in the Channel Islands , [ citation needed ] Ireland and Scotland, but with the pacification of England, resistance elsewhere did not threaten the military supremacy of the New Model Army and its Parliamentary paymasters.
During the Wars, the Parliamentarians established a number of successive committees to oversee the war effort. The first, the Committee of Safety set up in July , comprised 15 members of Parliament.
During the English Civil War, the role of bishops as wielders of political power and upholders of the established church became a matter of heated political controversy.
John Calvin formulated a doctrine of Presbyterianism , which held that the offices of presbyter and episkopos in the New Testament were identical; he rejected the doctrine of apostolic succession.
Calvin's follower John Knox brought Presbyterianism to Scotland when the Scottish church was reformed in In practice, Presbyterianism meant that committees of lay elders had a substantial voice in church government, as opposed to merely being subjects to a ruling hierarchy.
This vision of at least partial democracy in ecclesiology paralleled the struggles between Parliament and the King. A body within the Puritan movement in the Church of England sought to abolish the office of bishop and remake the Church of England along Presbyterian lines.
The Martin Marprelate tracts — , applying the pejorative name of prelacy to the church hierarchy, attacked the office of bishop with satire that deeply offended Elizabeth I and her Archbishop of Canterbury John Whitgift.
The vestments controversy also related to this movement, seeking further reductions in church ceremony, and labelling the use of elaborate vestments as "unedifying" and even idolatrous.
King James I , reacting against the perceived contumacy of his Presbyterian Scottish subjects, adopted "No Bishop, no King" as a slogan; he tied the hierarchical authority of the bishop to the absolute authority he sought as King, and viewed attacks on the authority of the bishops as attacks on his authority.
The controversy eventually led to Laud's impeachment for treason by a bill of attainder in and subsequent execution. Charles also attempted to impose episcopacy on Scotland; the Scots' violent rejection of bishops and liturgical worship sparked the Bishops' Wars in — During the height of Puritan power under the Commonwealth and the Protectorate , episcopacy was formally abolished in the Church of England on 9 October During the English Civil War, the English overseas possessions became highly involved.
Although the newer, Puritan settlements in North America, notably Massachusetts , were dominated by Parliamentarians, the older colonies sided with the Crown.
The Virginia Company's settlements, Bermuda and Virginia , as well as Antigua and Barbados , were conspicuous in their loyalty to the Crown.
The Act also authorised Parliamentary privateers to act against English vessels trading with the rebellious colonies:.
All Ships that Trade with the Rebels may be surprized. Goods and tackle of such ships not to be embezeled, till judgement in the Admiralty.
The Parliament began assembling a fleet to invade the Royalist colonies, but many of the English islands in the Caribbean were captured by the Dutch and French in during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
Far to the North, Bermuda's regiment of Militia and its coastal batteries prepared to resist an invasion that never came. Built-up inside the natural defence of a nearly impassable barrier reef, to fend off the might of Spain, these defences were too powerful for the Parliamentary fleet sent in under the command of Admiral Sir George Ayscue , which was forced instead to blockade Bermuda for several months 'til the Bermudians negotiated a separate peace that respected the internal status quo.
The Parliament of Bermuda avoided the Parliament of England's fate during The Protectorate , becoming one of the oldest continuous legislatures in the world.
Virginia's population swelled with Cavaliers during and after the English Civil War. Figures for casualties during this period are unreliable, but some attempt has been made to provide rough estimates.
In England, a conservative estimate is that roughly , people died from war-related disease during the three civil wars.
Historical records count 84, dead from the wars themselves. Counting in accidents and the two Bishops' wars, an estimate of , dead is achieved, [] out of a total population of about five million.
Figures for Scotland are less reliable and should be treated with caution. Casualties include the deaths of prisoners-of-war in conditions that accelerated their deaths, with estimates of 10, prisoners not surviving or not returning home 8, captured during and immediately after the Battle of Worcester were deported to New England , Bermuda and the West Indies to work for landowners as indentured labourers [].
There are no figures to calculate how many died from war-related diseases, but if the same ratio of disease to battle deaths from English figures is applied to the Scottish figures, a not unreasonable estimate of 60, people is achieved, [] from a population of about one million.
Figures for Ireland are described as "miracles of conjecture". Certainly the devastation inflicted on Ireland was massive, with the best estimate provided by Sir William Petty , the father of English demography.
Petty estimated that , Protestants and , Catholics were killed through plague , war and famine , giving an estimated total of , dead, [] out of a pre-war population of about one and a half million.
Many of those sold to landowners in New England eventually prospered, but many sold to landowners in the West Indies were worked to death.
These estimates indicate that England suffered a 4 percent loss of population, Scotland a loss of 6 percent, while Ireland suffered a loss of 41 percent of its population.
Putting these numbers into the context of other catastrophes helps to understand the devastation of Ireland in particular.
The Great Famine of — resulted in a loss of 16 percent of the population, while during the Second World War the population of the Soviet Union fell by 16 percent.
Ordinary people took advantage of the dislocation of civil society in the s to gain personal advantages. The contemporary guild democracy movement won its greatest successes among London's transport workers, notably the Thames watermen.
Some communities improved their conditions of tenure on such estates. The democratic element introduced into the watermen's company in , for example, survived with vicissitudes until The wars left England, Scotland, and Ireland among the few countries in Europe without a monarch.
In the wake of victory, many of the ideals and many idealists became sidelined. The republican government of the Commonwealth of England ruled England and later all of Scotland and Ireland from to and from to Between the two periods, and due to in-fighting among various factions in Parliament, Oliver Cromwell ruled over the Protectorate as Lord Protector effectively a military dictator until his death in Charles returned from exile on 23 May On 29 May , the populace in London acclaimed him as king.
These events became known as the Restoration. Although the monarchy was restored, it was still only with the consent of Parliament. So the civil wars effectively set England and Scotland on course towards a parliamentary monarchy form of government.
Thus the United Kingdom was spared the wave of revolutions that occurred in Europe in the s. Specifically, future monarchs became wary of pushing Parliament too hard, and Parliament effectively chose the line of royal succession in with the Glorious Revolution and in the Act of Settlement.
In the early decades of the 20th century, the Whig school was the dominant theoretical view. It explained the Civil War as resulting from centuries of struggle between Parliament notably the House of Commons and the Monarchy, with Parliament defending the traditional rights of Englishmen, while the Stuart monarchy continually attempted to expand its right to dictate law arbitrarily.
The major Whig historian, S. Gardiner , [ full citation needed ] popularised the idea that the English Civil War was a "Puritan Revolution", which challenged the repressive Stuart Church and prepared the way for religious toleration.
So Puritanism was seen as the natural ally of a people preserving their traditional rights against arbitrary monarchical power. The Whig view was challenged and largely superseded by the Marxist school, which became popular in the s, and saw the English Civil War as a bourgeois revolution.
According to Marxist historian Christopher Hill :. The Civil War was a class war, in which the despotism of Charles I was defended by the reactionary forces of the established Church and conservative landlords, Parliament beat the King because it could appeal to the enthusiastic support of the trading and industrial classes in town and countryside, to the yeomen and progressive gentry, and to wider masses of the population whenever they were able by free discussion to understand what the struggle was really about.
In the s, revisionist historians challenged both the Whig and the Marxist theories, [] notably in the anthology The Origins of the English Civil War Conrad Russell ed.
From the s, a number of historians replaced the historical title "English Civil War" with " Wars of the Three Kingdoms " and "British Civil Wars", positing that the civil war in England cannot be understood apart from events in other parts of Britain and Ireland.
King Charles I remains crucial, not just as King of England, but through his relationship with the peoples of his other realms. For example, the wars began when Charles forced an Anglican Prayer Book upon Scotland, and when this was met with resistance from the Covenanters , he needed an army to impose his will.
However, this need of military funds forced Charles I to call an English Parliament, which was not willing to grant the needed revenue unless he addressed their grievances.
By the early s, Charles was left in a state of near-permanent crisis management, confounded by the demands of the various factions. For example, Charles finally made terms with the Covenanters in August , but although this might have weakened the position of the English Parliament, the Irish Rebellion of broke out in October , largely negating the political advantage he had obtained by relieving himself of the cost of the Scottish invasion.
Thomas Hobbes gave a much earlier historical account of the English Civil War in his Behemoth , written in and published in He assessed the causes of the war to be the conflicting political doctrines of the time.
It also attempted to explain why Charles I could not hold his throne and maintain peace in his kingdom. Hobbes attributed the war to the novel theories of intellectuals and divines spread for their own pride of reputation.
Some scholars suggest that Behemoth has not received its due as an academic work, being comparatively overlooked and under-rated in the shadow of Hobbes' Leviathan.
Other factors that hindered its success include Charles II's refusing its publication and Hobbes' lack of empathy with views different from his own.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Series of civil wars in England between and For other uses, see English Civil War disambiguation.
First English Civil War. Second English Civil War. Third English Civil War. Main article: Bishops' War. Main article: Long Parliament.
Main article: First English Civil War. See also: Putney Debates and Levellers. Main article: Second English Civil War. Main article: Third English Civil War.
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