
Tobias Krell Für immer Checker Tobi?
Die Website von Tobi Krell. Moderator, Reporter und Autor für Fernsehen (Checker Tobi), Radio und Online. Tobi Krell. „Checker Tobi” und „CheXperiment” // „Checker Tobi und das Geheimnis unseres Planeten“ - Stream @amazonprimevideo *Begegnung mit. Und als Tobias Krell. Seine Auftritte hier sind so erfolgreich, dass das Theater in der kommenden Saison die Zahl seiner Shows gleich mal. Tobias Krell, Actor: Checker Tobi und das Geheimnis unseres Planeten. Tobias Krell was born in in Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. He is an actor. Tobias Krell, bekannt als „Checker-Tobi“, ist Moderator der gleichnamigen Wissenssendung auf dem Kindersender KIKA. Als „Checker Tobi“ reist Tobias Krell um die Welt, um sie Kindern zu erklären. Auch über Ludwig van Beethoven hat er eine Sendung gedreht. Tobias Krell. Moderator, Reporter, Autor. © Hans-Florian Hopfner. Zwei oder drei Dinge, die ich von ihm.

Hören Sie Klassik? Von ihm kann man was lernen. Bitte geben Sie die abgebildete Zeichenfolge ein. Alarm Alarm Film immer? Einsendeschluss ist der Da kann einem Transformers Film mal schwindlig werden, aber Fans werden dranbleiben. Tobias Krell - Ein Leben im Hotel
PLZ, Ort. Dort scheint jeder Muskel Neugier aufs Leben auszudrücken. Ich bin viel unterwegs.The paper aims to discuss these issues. This paper first reveals existing issues around the definitions and measures relating to the concepts, then defines their content domains, and also proposes scale items to measure the concepts.
Four samples are used to develop the measurement instruments. Two scales are suggested, one to measure opportunity recognition, and other to measure opportunity exploitation.
The scales demonstrate reliability and construct, discriminant, and nomological validity. The resulting instruments provide tools for research and practice that could prove valuable when examining the antecedents and consequences of both opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation.
Kuckertz, A. Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article for both commercial and non-commercial purposes , subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors.
Entrepreneurial opportunities and the distinction between opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation have been extensively discussed in the entrepreneurship literature for quite some time.
While the importance of understanding opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation and also the need to identify their antecedents and consequences is undisputed in the literature, the progress of the field has slowed, owing to: the lack of consensus on the content domains of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation, and a lack of agreement on the measurement of the two constructs.
Recent works on research design, scale development, and measurement practice in entrepreneurship Slavec and Drnovsek, ; McDonald et al.
The current research identifies the conceptual and methodological issues surrounding opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation, and informs the academic discourse by specifying the content domains of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation, that is, the body of knowledge related to these concepts covering their subject area as completely as possible to allow developing reliable, valid, and distinct measures.
The resulting instruments will be valuable to researchers and practitioners investigating the relationship between opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation and, in turn, their relationships with other variables.
As such, they could advance research examining the antecedents and consequences of both concepts. This study therefore contributes to the literature on opportunity research in three important ways.
First, researchers clearly define both constructs in a rigorous way, thus informing the theoretical discussion around opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation.
Second, rigorously developed measurement scales for both constructs will allow future research to investigate these constructs in a plethora of different research settings.
Finally, the analysis contributes to the research stream of entrepreneurial opportunities by painting an elaborate nomological net around these constructs illustrating important relationships with other key constructs in opportunity research.
Such situations may appear as unmet customer and market needs, or under-employed resources and are likely to emerge when change occurs, new information becomes available, or the marketplace is subject to incongruence.
Following this logic, the current research treats opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation as distinct Jarvis, , but often consecutive, steps in the entrepreneurial process.
Nevertheless, a closer look at the burgeoning number of studies on opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation reveals serious issues impeding improved understanding.
Many studies do not, for example, specify the content domain of the concepts, and make implicit assumptions on what constitutes opportunity recognition or opportunity exploitation Kuratko et al.
Sambasivan et al. Many studies use single-item measures that are often purely numerical e. Singh et al. Tumasjan and Braun, Some studies develop ad hoc scales without reporting rigorous reliability and validity testing e.
Nicolaou et al. Many studies that use opportunity recognition or opportunity exploitation as the independent or dependent variable refer to existing measures to justify their measures, but are not clear on how the measures employed were altered or extended e.
Ozgen and Baron, ; Sambasivan et al. Marked differences exist among the measures between the content domains of the constructs. For example, some studies indicate opportunity recognition is about innovative opportunities e.
Tumasjan and Braun, , while others exclude that dimension e. Another example is that some studies differentiate between opportunity-recognition perceptions and opportunity-recognition behaviors e.
Gibbs, , whereas others see both aspects as part of the same construct e. The vast majority of studies exclusively examine either opportunity recognition or opportunity exploitation, but do not address how the two concepts are interrelated, which may be related to the observation that literature has not provided a universally applicable distinct pair of measures for opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation.
Shane and Nicolaou provide an initial step by capturing a tendency to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities and a tendency to start businesses in the same study.
However, they link both concepts to creativity as an anteceding factor and abstain from discussing their direct relationship.
Overall, the lack of distinct measures for opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation hinders obtaining an understanding of the similarities and differences concerning their antecedents and consequences.
There is a lack of consensus over: the definition and understanding of the content domains of opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation, and the measurement of the two constructs.
Both issues hinder efforts to build a solid knowledge base on opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation, one that would include aspects such as identifying the distinct antecedents of both constructs.
The current study addresses both issues. In order to clarify the assumptions relating to the meanings of the constructs, this study uses as its starting point the initial theoretical considerations and then surveys researchers familiar with the domain of entrepreneurship on which activities involve opportunity recognition and which involve opportunity exploitation.
This approach is in line with suggestions in the literature calling for topic experts to be involved in the process of scale development DeVellis, ; Slavec and Drnovsek, Accordingly, the research team developed an online survey and sampled academics with a professional interest in entrepreneurship research who subscribed to the Entrepreneurship-PhD mailing list [1].
Opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation were considered to be behavioral, activity-based concepts that take place on the individual level.
Thus, apart from some descriptive elements, the survey predominantly comprised two open questions: Please share your ideas about opportunity recognition.
Assuming somebody perceives an entrepreneurial opportunity, be it a potential entrepreneur or corporate entrepreneur, what kind of activities would be involved?
If somebody has perceived an entrepreneurial opportunity and decided to act upon it, this step is usually called opportunity exploitation.
Assuming somebody acts upon a perceived entrepreneurial opportunity, be it a potential entrepreneur or corporate entrepreneur, what kind of activities would be involved?
Overall, usable responses had been received, commensurate with a response rate of Viewed alongside the high response rate, the non-significant results of a wave analysis comparing early respondents to late respondents on the demographic variables Armstrong and Overton, indicate non-response bias should not be an issue.
Academics from 37 countries provided responses, with researchers from Germany, the UK, and the USA dominating the first 40 percent of the sample.
With an average professional interest in entrepreneurship of 7. The respondents ranged from doctoral students As more than 84 percent of the respondents had at least 2.
Specific activities related to opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation were compiled by two researchers in the author team from the qualitative data.
MAXQDA 10, a comprehensive software program for qualitative data analysis, was utilized to analyze the responses to the two open questions in an open-coding process based on the initial theoretical considerations.
Content analysis assisted the identification of 12 key activities: six activities reflecting opportunity recognition and six reflecting opportunity exploitation.
This result supports the assumption that the categories developed were appropriate. The six activities defining opportunity recognition in general were: being alert, searching, gathering information, communicating, problem solving, and evaluating.
These activities included but were not limited to cognitive processes involved in the entrepreneurial process Gregoire et al.
First, being alert refers to creative and strategic thinking, which allows opportunity recognition Shane and Nicolaou, or having an open mind in terms of business opportunities Tang et al.
Second, searching is defined through the regular scanning of the environment and a systematic search for business opportunities, or by doing market research to identify business opportunities Fiet, Third, gathering information activities for instance relate to acquiring knowledge and information on business opportunities or to looking for new ideas on products or services Ozgen and Baron, Fourth, communicating refers to talking to friends, colleagues, potential customers, mentors, entrepreneurs, or experts about business opportunities Dimov, a.
Fifth, addressing customer needs refers to the generation of a business opportunity based on a perceived customer problem Ardichvili et al.
Sixth, evaluating involves assessing the feasibility of business ideas or whether proposed opportunities fit individual experience, skills, capabilities, and knowledge McMullen and Shepherd, As a consequence, a preliminary definition of the construct can be proposed; however, this definition might be modified in the scale-development process Slavec and Drnovsek, : Preliminary Definition 1.
Opportunity recognition is characterized by being alert to potential business opportunities, actively searching for and gathering information about them, communicating on them, addressing customer needs, and evaluating the viability of such potential entrepreneurial activities.
The six activities recorded as defining opportunity exploitation in general were: developing a product or service, acquiring human resources, planning the business, understanding customers and the market, gathering resources, and setting up the organization.
Just as with opportunity recognition, the activities identified perfectly aligned with but were not limited to existing concepts of nascent entrepreneurial activities and engaging in the startup and new venture development process.
First, developing a product or service involves, for instance, the innovative destruction of current products or services, prototyping and testing, and reacting to feedback Gartner et al.
Second, acquiring human resources is related to searching for or hiring employees, and assembling an entrepreneurial team to pursue business opportunities McGee et al.
Third, planning the business is based on the business model and the written business plan Shane and Delmar, Fourth, understanding customers and the market is defined through discussing and identifying customer needs, the evaluation of the acceptance of products or services by customers, and the comparison between the business opportunity and existing solutions Foss et al.
Fifth, gathering resources refers to building up a network, approaching investors or the government, and raising money from family and friends Haynie et al.
Sixth, setting up the organization is defined through the setting up of formal structures Gartner et al. The identified activities led to the following preliminary definition: Preliminary Definition 2.
Opportunity exploitation is characterized by developing a product or service based on a perceived entrepreneurial opportunity, acquiring appropriate human resources, planning the organization, understanding customers and the market, gathering financial resources, and setting up the organization.
Based on Preliminary Definitions 1 and 2, and the twelve activities they encapsulate, researchers developed a large initial item pool of candidates for inclusion in the scales DeVellis, Following suggestions in the literature, items were generated by conducting a literature review and examining existing scales related to the constructs Churchill, , as well as by obtaining expert input DeVellis, ; Slavec and Drnovsek, This resulted in 81 item candidates.
To evaluate content validity, the research team conducted another online survey and sampled additional active subscribers of the Entrepreneurship-phd mailing list who had not participated in the first stage of the scale development.
This step was intended to establish the content validity of each proposed item DeVellis, , that is, to clarify the extent to which experts on entrepreneurship would relate each single item to the two constructs under investigation.
Participants were asked to evaluate each of the 81 items with respect to the question of whether a specific item would reflect opportunity recognition or opportunity exploitation.
To help them do so they were presented with a five-point scale anchored with clearly describes opportunity recognition 1 and clearly describes opportunity exploitation 5.
The research team received 95 usable responses with similar demographics and quality criteria as in the first sample. Participants placed each of the initial 81 items somewhere on the continuum between opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation.
Inter-rater reliability was excellent: the average intra-class correlation of the ratings is 0. Figure 1 shows the aggregated results for the 12 key activities by visualizing the mean value of the activity captured by the average of the items belonging to that particular activity and its respective standard deviation.
Clearly, the activities can be ordered into a sequence from searching for an entrepreneurial opportunity at one end of the continuum toward gathering resources as the most unambiguous activity related to opportunity exploitation at the other.
This sequence is in line with other conceptualizations of entrepreneurial activities e. McGee et al. In summary, the expert evaluation found that 11 items described opportunity recognition and 13 items described opportunity exploitation.
These items are analyzed in greater detail in the next step. In this section, the 24 items retained are examined for construct validity in order to develop the final scales.
For this, researchers chose to collect data first in a corporate entrepreneurship setting before retesting the scales in an entrepreneurship setting.
This was done for several reasons. First, and in line with recent scale-development practice Tang et al. Second, literature suggests that not only researchers, but also practitioners should participate in the scale-development process Slavec and Drnovsek, Third, the rationale behind preferring a corporate entrepreneurship sample to a more entrepreneurial sample in the item-refinement step of the scale-development process relates to the generalizability requirement Tang et al.
From one perspective, in order to create sufficient variance, the goal was to select a population of which a substantial part could be expected to be recognizers of entrepreneurial opportunities and another substantial part could be expected to be non-recognizers of the same Kuratko et al.
By contrast, researchers were aware the final scales should be applicable in both the pure entrepreneurship and the corporate entrepreneurship context, for instance to assess the relationship between organizational design and opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation in established firms.
An online questionnaire including the 24 items was administered in English to executive managers working in firms included on the Dow Jones Global Titans 50 Index.
Executive managers are known to play an important role in the success of corporate entrepreneurship initiatives Hornsby et al. Recruitment was conducted through an international professional online network boasting more than 11 million members at the time of data collection.
Its comprehensive nature allowed the identification of network members employed in Global Titans 50 firms proportionate to the coverage of the firm in the index.
We received usable responses from executive managers, commensurate with a satisfying response rate of In a wave analysis Armstrong and Overton, comparing all 24 items in addition to the key descriptive variables in the data did not return a single significant difference.
Again, non-response bias should therefore not be considered an issue. Respondents were on average The number of male respondents substantially exceeded that of female respondents The sample consists of well-educated people, with only The reliability and validity of the measurement were established by examining the psychometric properties of the constructs, in particular, by employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses alongside other correlational analyses.
The final scales were identified following several iterations refining the model. First, all items loaded on their respective factor, and no item had to be eliminated because of substantial cross-loadings.
Moreover, 13 items were eliminated as either their measurement errors were substantially correlated or their wording seemed theoretically redundant.
The final scales consisted of five items on the opportunity recognition scale and four items on the opportunity exploitation scale. Corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.
In this sample, the minimum value of opportunity recognition was 1 and the maximum value 7 measured on a seven-point Likert scale , with a mean value of 4.
Corrected item-total correlations range from 0. In this sample, the minimum value of opportunity exploitation is 1, the maximum is 6. The mean values suggest that the scales adequately reflect the corporate setting.
In the CFA, as suggested in the literature, multiple indices were used to assess fit Beauducel and Wittmann, Given established standards Hair et al.
The square roots of the variance extracted for each measure are greater than the correlation, suggesting that opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation are distinct.
Furthermore, to statistically assess the mode reflective vs formative of the relevant scales, the research team ran a confirmatory tetrad analysis CTA Gudergan et al.
The CTA returned insignificant results for every single tetrad, which suggests that both measurement models are reflective.
Table I presents the final scales. Next, researchers conducted a retest of the validity of the newly developed scales, using a different sample with an entrepreneurial background to enhance the credibility of the measures and to support generalizability across samples Tang et al.
The process continued with an evaluation of the convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the newly developed scales. The scales for opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation were included in a survey targeting UK entrepreneurs.
To identify those entrepreneurs, the research team chose an internet panel provider, which selected survey participants based on its master data.
On average, the respondents had been entrepreneurs for Hence, the team concluded the sample had sufficient experience to report on entrepreneurial phenomena.
This section demonstrates that the scales for opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation relate to other measures they would theoretically be expected to relate to.
However, this relatedness should not be of a magnitude that would signal construct redundancy. Kirzner established that alertness is an ability central to the entrepreneurial process because it makes individuals aware of changes, shifts, and opportunities overlooked by others Tang et al.
Entrepreneurial alertness involves not only gathering, associating, and evaluating information on business opportunities, but is also linked to action and as such with the willingness to act on the business opportunity Tang et al.
Hence, it can be assumed that entrepreneurial alertness is strongly related to both opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation.
However, the relationship of entrepreneurial alertness with opportunity recognition will be stronger than with opportunity exploitation, as the activities of gathering, associating, and evaluating information are more proximate to recognizing an opportunity than to exploiting it: H1.
Opportunity recognition will demonstrate a stronger positive correlation with the entrepreneurial alertness dimensions than opportunity exploitation.
Following Aldrich and Martinez , nascent entrepreneurial behaviors are meant to result in a feasible business startup. Such behaviors encompass growing and assembling various resources, including knowledge, which can be combined into an organization Gartner et al.
Nascent entrepreneurial behaviors thus involve both acquiring knowledge about the opportunities available to start a business and combining resources to pursue an opportunity once identified McGee et al.
Opportunity exploitation will demonstrate a stronger positive correlation with nascent entrepreneurial behaviors than opportunity recognition.
Testing H1 and H2 was conducted using the sample detailed in the section on retesting. Entrepreneurial alertness dimensions were captured with the scales developed by Tang et al.
With respect to nascent entrepreneurial activities, a variety of lists of behaviors have been developed in the extant literature see Gartner et al.
Researchers decided to apply the six behaviors depicted by McGee et al. This study applies a structural equation modeling approach using AMOS to test its hypotheses.
With respect to H1 , researchers ran a series of confirmatory factor analyses and a correlation analysis. Researchers began with a one-factor model in which all the items of opportunity recognition, opportunity exploitation, and the three alertness dimensions loaded on the same factor.
Next, a five-factor model with one factor representing each of the variables was estimated. For computing correlations, AMOS was employed to benefit from incorporating the different weights of the items of a given construct.
Opportunity recognition correlated with alert scanning and search at 0. Opportunity exploitation correlated with alert scanning and search at 0. As expected, opportunity recognition correlated more strongly with all entrepreneurial alertness dimensions than did opportunity exploitation.
Given the stronger relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and opportunity recognition than with opportunity exploitation, researchers excluded the opportunity exploitation factor from additional testing.
Again, the multi-factor model outperformed the model in which the entrepreneurial alertness dimensions and opportunity recognition were collapsed into one factor.
This also holds true for any pairwise combination of a single alertness dimension and opportunity recognition. Viewed as a whole, the results reveal that opportunity recognition, opportunity exploitation, and entrepreneurial alertness are strongly related but distinct concepts.
With respect to H2 , researchers ran a series of confirmatory factor analyses, and a correlation analysis. Researchers began with a one-factor model in which all the items of the three scales opportunity recognition, opportunity exploitation, and nascent entrepreneurial activities loaded on the same factor.
Next, a three-factor model with one factor representing each of the variables was estimated. Supporting H2 , opportunity exploitation 0.
Given the stronger relationship between nascent entrepreneurial activities and opportunity exploitation than between nascent entrepreneurial activities and opportunity recognition, the opportunity recognition factor was excluded from additional testing.
Again, the multi-factor model outperformed the model in which nascent entrepreneurial activities and opportunity exploitation were collapsed into one factor.
Taken together, convergent validity of the scales was established, as the results show that opportunity recognition, opportunity exploitation, and nascent entrepreneurial activities were closely related but distinct concepts.
Any construct validation process involves demonstrating nomological validity. To do so, researchers assessed how opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation behave within systems of related constructs i.
Specifically, researchers established nomological validity by applying two samples and multiple models. The chosen antecedent and consequent variables are grounded in extant theories of human capital, innovation, and organizational emergence and revealed the similarity and differences in the links between opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation with other variables.
Following the prospect theory logic presented by Baron , corporate entrepreneurs can be risk takers who aim not to overlook an opportunity; that is, they tend to recognize opportunities.
Furthermore, they act upon opportunities to avoid losses they would incur if they were not to act; that is, they tend to exploit opportunities.
This theory is also about a tendency to overemphasize small probabilities. Indirect support is provided by the work of Sambasivan et al.
Risk taking is positively associated with opportunity recognition and directly and indirectly associated with opportunity exploitation. The concept of originality is strongly associated with the concepts of innovativeness and creativity Miron-Spektor et al.
In order to identify business opportunities corporate entrepreneurs have to be able to find innovative solutions to customer problems Baron, ; Hansen et al.
The literature includes many theoretical assertions linking creativity and opportunity recognition Dimov, b. In line with these theoretical assertions, Gielnik et al.
Dess and Lumpkin theoretically link innovativeness to the exploration of business opportunities, but not to their exploitation. Only recently, Shane and Nicolaou have found that creative personalities exhibit a greater tendency to recognize business opportunities.
Can und ich sind auf jeden Fall sehr unterschiedlich, was auch gut ist: er hat seinen Stil, ich meinen, und das macht das Format noch bunter und unterhaltsamer.
Can und ich haben aber auch was gemeinsam: Wir haben beide tierisch Höhenangst. Du hast ja vorher schon als Moderator gearbeitet — was ist bei "Checker Tobi" neu für dich?
Mit einem Regisseur beim Dreh ist es für mich leichter, mich auf meine Fragen und meine Gesprächspartner zu konzentrieren. Ich kann mich komplett darauf einlassen, Sachen rauszufinden und muss mich nicht ständig fragen, ob ich vielleicht diese oder jene Einstellung vergessen haben könnte.
Das ist ein echtes Privileg. Ich liebe Filme, und deswegen würde ich sehr gerne mal checken, was auf einem Filmset alles passiert, wer da arbeitet und wie Special Effects entstehen.
Im Checker-Casting setzte er sich gegen Mitbewerber durch. Dabei verlassen Sie das Angebot des BR. Für die Datenverarbeitung ist dann der Drittanbieter verantwortlich.
Dess Ugly American Serien Stream, G. Im Checker-Casting setzte er sich gegen Mitbewerber durch. Following suggestions in the literature, items were generated by conducting a literature review and examining existing scales related to the constructs Churchill,as well as by obtaining expert input DeVellis, ; Slavec and Drnovsek, Overall, Neue Folgen One Piece responses had been received, commensurate with a response rate of Participants placed each of the initial 81 items somewhere on the continuum between opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation. Opportunity recognition and opportunity exploitation were captured using the items developed in this study. RiesE. The testing of H3 and H4 relied on the sample detailed in the section on item refinement, while testing H5 - H8 relied on the sample detailed in the Tobias Krell on retesting. JrBlackW. Specific activities related to opportunity recognition Bengalkatze opportunity exploitation were compiled by two researchers in the author team from the qualitative data. Geburtstag Beethovens einen Kreativwettbewerb für Kinder. Ich bin eher so ein wandelndes Bachelor-Studium. Der Emsige schafft sich in den wenigen Stunden, die fernab von Bühnen und Toni Krahl noch bleiben, Platz für ein bisschen privates Leben, für Abenteuer der anderen Art. Er turnt dann aber doch nur aufs Sofa im Foyer. Immer auf dem Sprung. Wir vom Checker-Format haben einen Beethoven-Check gedreht. Für Sport, seine Freunde — und die Familie.
Sie hat der bemerkenswerte Gedanke besucht